Velero 是一款云原生时代的灾难恢复和迁移工具,采用 Go 语言编写,并在 github 上进行了开源,利用 velero 用户可以安全的备份、恢复和迁移 Kubernetes 集群资源和持久卷。
(相关资料图)
开源地址:https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero官方文档:https://velero.io/docs/v1.11/1.1 支持的版本列表1.2 Velero组件Velero 组件一共分两部分,分别是服务端和客户端。
服务端:运行在你 Kubernetes 的集群中客户端:是一些运行在本地的命令行的工具,需要已配置好 kubectl 及集群 kubeconfig 的机器上1.3 velero备份流程velero客户端调用kubernetes API Server创建backup任务Backup控制器基于watch机制通过Api Server获取到备份任务Backup控制器开始执行备份动作,会通过请求Api Server获取到需要备份的数据Backup 控制器将获取到的数据备份到指定的对象存储server端1.4 Velero后端存储Velero
支持两种关于后端存储的CRD
,分别是BackupStorageLocation
和VolumeSnapshotLocation
。
主要用来定义 Kubernetes 集群资源的数据存放位置,也就是集群对象数据,不是 PVC 的数据。主要支持的后端存储是 S3 兼容的存储,比如:Mino 和阿里云 OSS 等。
1.4.2 VolumeSnapshotLocation主要用来给 PV 做快照,需要云提供商提供插件。阿里云已经提供了插件,这个需要使用 CSI 等存储机制。你也可以使用专门的备份工具 Restic
,把 PV 数据备份到阿里云 OSS 中去(安装时需要自定义选项)。
二、准备存储插件Restic 是一款 GO 语言开发的数据加密备份工具,顾名思义,可以将本地数据加密后传输到指定的仓库。支持的仓库有 Local、SFTP、Aws S3、Minio、OpenStack Swift、Backblaze B2、Azure BS、Google Cloud storage、Rest Server。
Velero支持很多种存储插件,可查看:https://velero.io/docs/v1.10/supported-providers/获取插件信息,我们这里使用minio作为S3兼容的对象存储提供程序。您也可以在任意地方部署Minio对象存储,只需要保证K8S集群可以访问到即可。
2.1 准备minio清单---apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata: name: minio namespace: velero labels: app: miniospec: selector: app: minio ports: - name: api port: 9000 protocol: TCP - name: console port: 9001 protocol: TCP---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: StatefulSetmetadata: name: minio namespace: velero labels: app: miniospec: replicas: 1 serviceName: minio selector: matchLabels: app: minio template: metadata: labels: app: minio spec: containers: - name: minio image: docker.io/bitnami/minio:2023.3.22 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - containerPort: 9000 name: api protocol: TCP - containerPort: 9001 name: console protocol: TCP env: - name: MINIO_ROOT_USER value: "minio" - name: MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD value: "minio123" - name: MINIO_DEFAULT_BUCKETS value: "velero" volumeMounts: - name: data mountPath: /data volumeClaimTemplates: - metadata: name: data spec: accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ] resources: requests: storage: 50Gi
2.2 创建minio应用# 创建velero命名空间$ kubectl create namespace velero# 创建minio资源$ kubectl apply -f minio.yaml# 查看部署状态$ kubectl get sts,pod,svc -n veleroNAME READY AGEstatefulset.apps/minio 1/1 66sNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEpod/minio-0 1/1 Running 0 65sNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEservice/minio ClusterIP 10.99.223.162 9000/TCP,9001/TCP 66s# 开放NodePort端口$ kubectl patch svc minio -n velero -p "{"spec": {"type": "NodePort"}}"$ kubectl patch svc minio -n velero --type="json" -p="[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/ports/0/nodePort", "value":9000},{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/ports/1/nodePort", "value":9001}]"$ kubectl get svc -n veleroNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEminio NodePort 10.99.223.162 9000:9000/TCP,9001:9001/TCP 140m
通过浏览器访问服务器IP:9001
,并使用账号minio
密码minio123
登入验证。
版本列表:https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/releases
3.1 安装velero命令程序$ wget https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/releases/download/v1.10.2/velero-v1.10.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz$ tar zxf velero-v1.10.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz $ mv velero-v1.10.2-linux-amd64/velero /usr/bin/$ velero -h# 启用命令补全$ source <(velero completion bash)$ velero completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/velero
3.2 创建密钥$ cat > credentials-velero <
3.3 安装velero到k8s集群$ velero install \ --provider aws \ --image velero/velero:v1.10.2 \ --plugins velero/velero-plugin-for-aws:v1.6.0 \ --bucket velero \ --secret-file ./credentials-velero \ --use-node-agent \ --use-volume-snapshots=false \ --namespace velero \ --backup-location-config region=minio,s3ForcePathStyle="true",s3Url=http://minio:9000 \ --wait# 执行install命令后会创建一系列清单,包括CustomResourceDefinition、Namespace、Deployment等。# 可使用如下命令查看运行日志$ kubectl logs deployment/velero -n velero# 查看velero创建的api对象$ kubectl api-versions | grep velerovelero.io/v1# 查看备份位置$ velero backup-location getNAME PROVIDER BUCKET/PREFIX PHASE LAST VALIDATED ACCESS MODE DEFAULTdefault aws velero Available 2023-03-28 15:45:30 +0800 CST ReadWrite true
选项说明:
--kubeconfig
(可选):指定kubeconfig
认证文件,默认使用.kube/config
;--provider
:定义插件提供方;--image
:定义运行velero的镜像,默认与velero客户端一致;--plugins
:指定使用aws s3兼容的插件镜像;--bucket
:指定对象存储Bucket桶名称;--secret-file
:指定对象存储认证文件;--use-node-agent
:创建Velero Node Agent守护进程,托管FSB模块;--use-volume-snapshots
:是否启使用快照;--namespace
:指定部署的namespace名称,默认为velero;--backup-location-config
:指定对象存储地址信息;aws插件与velero版本对应关系:
3.4 卸载velero如果您想从集群中完全卸载Velero,则以下命令将删除由velero install
创建的所有资源:
kubectl delete namespace/velero clusterrolebinding/velerokubectl delete crds -l component=velero
四、备份与恢复备份命令:velero create backup NAME [flags]
backup选项:
--exclude-namespaces stringArray
: 要从备份中排除的名称空间--exclude-resources stringArray
: 要从备份中排除的资源,如storageclasses.storage.k8s.io
--include-cluster-resources optionalBool[=true]
: 包含集群资源类型--include-namespaces stringArray
: 要包含在备份中的名称空间(默认"*")--include-resources stringArray
: 备份中要包括的资源--labels mapStringString
: 给这个备份加上标签-o, --output string
: 指定输出格式,支持"table"、"json"和"yaml";-l, --selector labelSelector
: 对指定标签的资源进行备份--snapshot-volumes optionalBool[=true]
: 对 PV 创建快照--storage-location string
: 指定备份的位置--ttl duration
: 备份数据多久删掉--volume-snapshot-locations strings
: 指定快照的位置,也就是哪一个公有云驱动4.1 备份4.1.1 使用官方案例创建测试应用$ kubectl apply -f examples/nginx-app/base.yaml namespace/nginx-example createddeployment.apps/nginx-deployment createdservice/my-nginx created# 查看资源清单$ kubectl get all -n nginx-exampleNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEpod/nginx-deployment-57d5dcb68-g42mk 1/1 Running 0 41spod/nginx-deployment-57d5dcb68-pcc6t 1/1 Running 0 41sNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEservice/my-nginx LoadBalancer 10.96.0.31 80:27370/TCP 41sNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEdeployment.apps/nginx-deployment 2/2 2 2 41sNAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGEreplicaset.apps/nginx-deployment-57d5dcb68 2 2 2 41s
4.1.2 备份测试应用$ velero backup create nginx-backup --include-namespaces nginx-exampleBackup request "nginx-backup" submitted successfully.Run `velero backup describe nginx-backup` or `velero backup logs nginx-backup` for more details.
选项:
--include-namespaces
:指定命名空间--selector
:标签选择器,如app=nginx4.1.3 查看备份列表$ velero backup getNAME STATUS ERRORS WARNINGS CREATED EXPIRES STORAGE LOCATION SELECTORnginx-backup Completed 0 0 2023-03-09 09:38:50 +0800 CST 29d default # 查看备份详细信息$ velero backup describe nginx-backup# 查看备份日志$ velero backup logs nginx-backup
登入minio控制台查看备份内容
4.1.4 定时备份指南# 使用cron表达式备份$ velero schedule create nginx-daily --schedule="0 1 * * *" --include-namespaces nginx-example# 使用一些非标准的速记 cron 表达式$ velero schedule create nginx-daily --schedule="@daily" --include-namespaces nginx-example# 手动触发定时任务$ velero backup create --from-schedule nginx-daily
更多cron示例请参考:cron package’s documentation
4.2 恢复4.2.1 模拟灾难# 删除nginx-example命名空间和资源$ kubectl delete namespace nginx-example# 检查是否删除$ kubectl get all -n nginx-exampleNo resources found in nginx-example namespace.
4.2.2 恢复资源$ velero backup getNAME STATUS ERRORS WARNINGS CREATED EXPIRES STORAGE LOCATION SELECTORnginx-backup Completed 0 0 2023-03-09 09:38:50 +0800 CST 29d default $ velero restore create --from-backup nginx-backupRestore request "nginx-backup-20230309095025" submitted successfully.Run `velero restore describe nginx-backup-20230309095025` or `velero restore logs nginx-backup-20230309095025` for more details.
4.2.3 检查恢复的资源$ velero restore getNAME BACKUP STATUS STARTED COMPLETED ERRORS WARNINGS CREATED SELECTORnginx-backup-20230309095025 nginx-backup Completed 2023-03-09 09:50:25 +0800 CST 2023-03-09 09:50:25 +0800 CST 0 1 2023-03-09 09:50:25 +0800 CST # 查看详细信息$ velero restore describe nginx-backup-20230309095025# 检查资源状态$ kubectl get all -n nginx-exampleNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEpod/nginx-deployment-57d5dcb68-g42mk 1/1 Running 0 2m19spod/nginx-deployment-57d5dcb68-pcc6t 1/1 Running 0 2m19sNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEservice/my-nginx LoadBalancer 10.96.0.204 80:31291/TCP 2m19sNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEdeployment.apps/nginx-deployment 2/2 2 2 2m19sNAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGEreplicaset.apps/nginx-deployment-57d5dcb68 2 2 2 2m19s
五、项目迁移实战5.1、项目介绍我们将使用Velero
快速完成云原生应用及PV数据的迁移实践过程,在本文示例中,我们将A集群中的一个MOS应用迁移到集群B中,其中数据备份采用自建Minio对象存储服务。
StorageClass
。可以自己部署Minio,也可以使用公有云的对象存储服务,如华为的OBS、阿里的OSS等。本案例将集群A中app-system命名空间中的服务及PV数据迁移到集群B中。5.1.2 项目环境角色 | 集群IP | 集群版本 | 部署软件 |
---|---|---|---|
K8S 集群A | 192.168.1.102 | v1.22.10 | openebs、velero、app-system |
K8S 集群B | 192.168.1.103 | v1.22.10 | openebs、velero、minio |
我们需要将集群A中 app-system 空间的所有资源和数据全部迁移到集群B中,该项目包括了deployment
、statefulset
、service
、ingress
、job
、cronjob
、secret
、configmap
、pv
、pvc
。
# 项目清单信息$ kubectl get deployment,sts,pvc -n app-systemNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEdeployment.apps/hasura-graphql 1/1 1 1 5h27mdeployment.apps/iot-backend 1/1 1 1 5h27mdeployment.apps/iot-gateway 1/1 1 1 5h27mdeployment.apps/iot-history 1/1 1 1 5h27mdeployment.apps/iot-observer 1/1 1 1 5h27mdeployment.apps/app-backend 1/1 1 1 5h27mdeployment.apps/app-frontend 1/1 1 1 5h27mNAME READY AGEstatefulset.apps/minio 1/1 5h27mstatefulset.apps/mongo 1/1 5h27mstatefulset.apps/postgres 1/1 5h27mstatefulset.apps/rabbitmq 1/1 5h27mstatefulset.apps/redis 1/1 5h27mNAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGEpersistentvolumeclaim/data-minio-0 Bound pvc-950d15a8-20a5-4e5f-8dbf-b904295355bb 50Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 5h27mpersistentvolumeclaim/data-mongo-0 Bound pvc-e435b80e-0370-4100-b223-ca841f24bd5d 50Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 5h27mpersistentvolumeclaim/data-postgres-0 Bound pvc-359ec32a-4bfc-4bc8-8cf3-38322e8ef59b 300Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 5h27mpersistentvolumeclaim/data-redis-0 Bound pvc-da718e0c-992c-4f6e-af44-abb1c7214a9e 2Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 5h27mpersistentvolumeclaim/app-backend Bound pvc-506261a9-6be4-4d95-8807-58201e31a527 10Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 5h27m
5.2 准备对象存储按照2.1和2.2的方法在集群B(192.168.1.103)中创建minio
应用,用来存放备份数据。
$ kubectl get sts,svc -n veleroNAME READY AGEstatefulset.apps/minio 1/1 3h44mNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEservice/minio NodePort 10.99.223.162 9000:9000/TCP,9001:9001/TCP 3h44m
5.3 安装velero请确保在集群A和集群B中已经安装好velero客户端,请参考3.1 安装velero命令程序
5.3.1 在集群A中安装velero服务$ cat > credentials-velero <
注意:其中S3
的地址指向集群B(192.168.1.103)的minio对象存储。
$ cat > credentials-velero <
注意:其中S3
的地址指向本集群minio对象存储的svc地址。
$ velero backup create app-backup \ --default-volumes-to-fs-backup \ --include-namespaces app-systemBackup request "app-backup" submitted successfully.Run `velero backup describe app-backup` or `velero backup logs app-backup` for more details.# 查看备份状态$ velero backup getNAME STATUS ERRORS WARNINGS CREATED EXPIRES STORAGE LOCATION SELECTORapp-backup Completed 0 0 2023-03-28 16:34:56 +0800 CST 29d default
--default-volumes-to-fs-backup
:默认将所有PV卷进行备份,详情查看官方文档。--include-namespaces
:指定要备份的命名空间登入minio控制台上可以看到备份的文件:
5.5 恢复到集群B# 到集群B中查看备份资源$ velero backup getNAME STATUS ERRORS WARNINGS CREATED EXPIRES STORAGE LOCATION SELECTORapp-backup Completed 0 0 2023-03-28 16:41:55 +0800 CST 29d default # 执行恢复命令$ velero restore create --from-backup app-backupRestore request "app-backup-20230328164601" submitted successfully.Run `velero restore describe app-backup-20230328164601` or `velero restore logs app-backup-20230328164601` for more details.# 查看恢复任务$ velero restore get NAME BACKUP STATUS STARTED COMPLETED ERRORS WARNINGS CREATED SELECTORapp-backup-20230328164601 app-backup Completed 2023-03-28 16:46:01 +0800 CST 2023-03-28 17:01:26 +0800 CST 0 30 2023-03-28 16:46:01 +0800 CST
5.6 验证服务和数据$ kubectl get deploy,sts,svc,pvc -n app-systemNAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGEdeployment.apps/hasura-graphql 1/1 1 1 29mdeployment.apps/iot-backend 1/1 1 1 29mdeployment.apps/iot-gateway 1/1 1 1 29mdeployment.apps/iot-history 1/1 1 1 29mdeployment.apps/iot-observer 1/1 1 1 29mdeployment.apps/app-backend 1/1 1 1 29mdeployment.apps/app-frontend 1/1 1 1 29mNAME READY AGEstatefulset.apps/minio 1/1 29mstatefulset.apps/mongo 1/1 29mstatefulset.apps/postgres 1/1 29mstatefulset.apps/rabbitmq 1/1 29mstatefulset.apps/redis 1/1 29mNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEservice/hasura-graphql ClusterIP 10.107.231.148 8080/TCP 29mservice/iot-backend ClusterIP 10.98.78.23 3000/TCP 29mservice/iot-gateway ClusterIP 10.108.211.114 1880/TCP 29mservice/iot-history ClusterIP 10.98.217.234 3000/TCP 29mservice/iot-observer ClusterIP 10.105.75.200 3010/TCP 29mservice/minio ClusterIP 10.97.14.151 9000/TCP,9001/TCP 29mservice/mongo ClusterIP 10.97.212.84 27017/TCP 29mservice/app-backend ClusterIP 10.107.16.116 5959/TCP 29mservice/app-frontend ClusterIP 10.100.136.90 80/TCP,443/TCP 29mservice/postgres ClusterIP 10.101.235.245 5432/TCP,9187/TCP 29mservice/rabbitmq ClusterIP 10.108.29.67 15672/TCP,5672/TCP 29mservice/redis ClusterIP 10.101.105.81 6379/TCP,9121/TCP 29mNAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGEpersistentvolumeclaim/data-minio-0 Bound pvc-ca5c63bf-9aaa-4755-ad8f-35718f51decf 50Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 29mpersistentvolumeclaim/data-mongo-0 Bound pvc-03203801-e339-44ee-bfb4-b196808c7cc5 50Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 29mpersistentvolumeclaim/data-postgres-0 Bound pvc-e2f2593e-5869-420c-bd39-54ce01dfa63f 300Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 29mpersistentvolumeclaim/data-redis-0 Bound pvc-a8e4445c-c6b5-483b-8b18-9d650daf35cc 2Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 29mpersistentvolumeclaim/app-backend Bound pvc-2b2f9747-a020-4a16-9975-2491457c4032 10Gi RWO openebs-hostpath 29m
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